Secretly Diseases Deadly

Thursday (6 / 10) morning, came startling news. Steve Jobs, the figures behind the creation of a personal computer, iPod, iPad, and iPhone, has died at age 56 from pancreatic cancer. Last week, the world also lost one Nobel laureate in medicine this year, Ralph Steinman (68), due to the same disease.

Pancreatic cancer is actually a rare type of cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates, the disease was diagnosed in 230,000 people per year worldwide, 37,000 cases of which occurred in the United States.

However, according to Aru W Sudoyo, hematology oncology medical specialists from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, the disease is classified as malignant. Moreover, generally detected only after an advanced stage.

Pancreas, as the site the National Cancer Institute, is the organ of the 6 inches (15 centimeters). This organ is located in the abdominal cavity, between the stomach and spine. Pancreas adjacent to the liver, bladder, small intestine, duodenum, and spleen.

Functioning pancreas produces pancreatic lymph containing enzymes trypsin, amylase, and lipase to help break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats from food. The sap is poured into the duodenum. The pancreas also produces insulin as well as a number of hormones that help the body use and store energy from food.

The tumors are uncontrolled growth of cells in the organ concerned. Tumors of the pancreas there is a benign (cysts) and there is a malignant (cancerous).

Benign tumors are usually not life threatening, can be operated and discharged, do not spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. The cancer can be harmful to the soul, can be discarded, but usually grow back, invade and damage tissues surrounding organs, and spread to other parts of the body. Moreover, it also leads to accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity (ascites).

Unexplained

If we are exposed to infection, bacteria are usually relatively easy to find the cause. However, not so with cancer.

Doctors can not always explain, why a person suffering from cancer, while others do not. Or, what is the cause of cancer-related.

Ordinary only known risk factors that can trigger cancer. For pancreatic cancer, according to Aru, risk factors, among others, smoking. This habit is most widely associated with the incidence of pancreatic cancer. "Heavy smokers most at risk of developing pancreatic cancer," he said. Diabetics are also at risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Likewise, people with a family history of cancer, patients with inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in a long time, and people who are obese (overweight).

Other risk factors that are studied are high in animal fat consumption, and drinking lots of alcohol.

However, many people suffering from pancreatic cancer despite having no risk factors above. Conversely, many people have risk factors, but will not get cancer.

At the beginning of the growth of pancreatic cancer usually does not cause any symptoms. Therefore, the disease is often called the "silent killer". Typically, such Aru, perceived symptoms after an advanced stage, ie stage III or IV. Among other things, the color yellow (jaundice), either on the skin, eyeballs, feces, or urine. Other symptoms, pain in the gut, it often caused the cancer getting late to overcome because initially mistaken for gastroenteritis (mag). Nausea, vomiting, lethargy, tiredness, loss of appetite, and weight loss are common symptoms that mark cancer.

"Only a few people got lucky known pancreatic cancer at an early stage. That is, if the cancer is blocking the bile duct so that the patient experienced an early yellow, "said Aru.

Staging

Stage set based on tumor size, whether already invaded other tissues or has spread to other parts of the body.

Stage I, if new tumors in the pancreas. Stage II, if the tumor has invaded surrounding tissue, but not the blood vessels, and spread to the lymph nodes. Stage III, the tumor has invaded the blood vessels near the pancreas. As for stage IV, if the cancer has spread to relatively distant organs such as liver or lung.

Inspection done through blood and laboratory tests, physical examination, CT scan, ultrasound, endoscopy, MRI, and biopsy (removal of tissue with a fine needle).

In the site mentioned Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, the most common type of pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma (including 75 per cent cases of pancreatic cancer). In addition, there are adenosquamous carcinoma, glucagonoma, and somatostatinoma.

Types are rare, among others, acinar cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and serous cystadenocarcinoma.

Treatment is with surgery, among others. This is done if the cancer is detected in early stages. By removing the tumor, the chance to recover sufficiently large.

This type of surgery depends on the location of the tumor growth. Discard operation at the head of pancreas tumor called a Whipple procedure. This is the most common type of surgery. If needed, your doctor will also dispose of tissues nearby organs, such as some of duodenum, bladder, bile ducts, most of the stomach, spleen, and nearby lymph nodes.

If the stage is advanced, usually performed chemotherapy or radiotherapy (radiation). It can reduce pain and improve quality of life of patients. The general life expectancy of six months to a year.